Composite pile



L. M. KING COMPOSITE PILE Oct. 3, 1933.

Filed July 29, 1932 6 Rm m N n NL 1f H /f/S ATTORNEY Patented 0.21.3, 1933 o Y 1,929,280-

y 1,929,280 f" y Y ooMPosrrE PILE LochielM. King, Alameaaoalir; f

Y Application July 29, 1932. serial No. 625,579

' s claims. (c1. 'e1- 53)` o YMy invention relates to a composite pile, and modied form ofthe concrete section for the more particularly to such a pile having a wooden lcomposite pile embodying my invention; lower section and a concrete upper section. Figure 6 is a horizontal sectional view of the -It is among the objects of my invention to prosame showing Vthe Varrangement of reinforcing; I vide an improved coupling structure for joining and i i Y A 60 the pile sections together.v `VFigure 7 is'a side elevational Vview showing Another objectY of my invention is to provide a another variant formof concrete section. composite pile in which the sections are con- In terms of broad inclusion, the composite pile nected by a structure which develops the full embodying my invention'comprises a lower Wood- 10 bearing strength in the lower wooden section en section, andan upper section of indestructible 65 thereof Y o o material, preferably of reinforced concrete, hav- Another object of my invention is to provide ing a socket'in the lower end thereof into which Va composite pile in which the sections are joined the upper end o f the v'wooden section engages. bya coupling structure capable of imparting'the 'Ihe socket is preferably formed by a metallic `l5 necessary lateral support for guiding (the `pile sleeve cast into: and suitably locked in the con- V70 while driving, and to prevent buckling Awhen crete section. The end of the wooden pileA secother piles are being driven in the immediate tion'engaging in the socket is preferably spaced viemty, .g from the-base of the socket, and a suitablefmate- A further object of myfinvention isto provide rial, `rsuch as cement, is interposed between' the a composite pile in which the upper section canbase of the socket and the engaging -sectionand 7 5 not be upwardly displaced orpushed off the is formed to ll the space therebetween.

lower wooden section'by theupliftoftheground Means penetrating the wooden sectioncis also which so often occurs when driving adjacent provided for locking the sleeve thereto; The piles, c socket in the upper pile section preferably has an y A still further object of my invention is to proinside diameter less than the diameter of the 80 vide a method of driving composite piles which lower wooden section, andthe method of driving simplifies the joining of the pile sections together the composite pile includes cutting an annular and improves the rigidity of the resulting pile groove or incision in the wooden pile to approxistructure. mately the diameterI of the socketj'the groove be- The invention possesses other objects andvfeaving spaced below the top of the wooden pile sec- 85 tures of advantage, some of which, with the foretion soas to register approximately with the edge going, will be set forth in the following descripportions Vof the socket in its final position of ention of my invention. It isfto be undestood that sagement. In my improvedV method of driving I do not limit myself to this disclosure of species the `composite pile, the woodenA section is `prefer- Y of my invention, as I may adopt variant embodiably irst partially driven and then the upper 90 Referring to the drawing: on the top ofthe wooden section. vFigure 1 is a side elevational viewA showing a ThefirstV driving 'on the upper section operates lcomposite pile embodying my invention; portions OfSDlll OT the portions Of the Wooden section i0 Vof the wooden pile section *beingA omittedl to above the groove land 120 OICQ ,the SOCke ,With a 95 i shorten the View driving fit on the lower section. lContinued action Figure 2 is a detail vertical sectional view showof the puf? driver hanmlef than 'Operates @0 drive ing the coupling structure and the manner in both setlonspf the pue to grade' whichthe socket of the upper concrete section In greaterdeta'll and referrmg partlcularly to ments thereof within the scope of the claims. `section is aligned thereover so 'that its socket rests v'invention preferably comprises a Alower untreated wooden section 2 and anupper section 3 of a t suitable indestructible material, such as concrete, l, and ShOWlIlg the arrangement 0f remforcmg m having a. socket in the` lower end thereof into 5@ the Concrete 560151011- which the upper end ofthe `wooden pile section 2 105 A Figure 4 is a horizontal sectional view showing Yis adaptedto engage.` The socket is preferably the arrangementof reinforcing in the concrete formed by a sleeve 4, `'preferably of a' suitable about thesocket, taken in a plane indicatedby metal such as'Y steel 'or Wrought iron. A This sleeve the line li--iof Figure 1. is preferably cast in the upper concretesecti'onj Figure 3 is ahorizontal sectionalview taken in aplane indicatedby the line 3 3 of Figure Figure 5is a side elevational viewshowinga .i so that a jacket portion 6 of concrete surrounds 110 y l is driven in place over .the lower wooden section. F11-gares .l ,504 tha Composlte pue. embodylng my 100 the upper portion of the sleeve 4, and a plug portion 7 of concrete extends for a distance within the upper end of the sleeve. thru the sleeve and concrete plug portion 7, is provided for securely locking the sleeve in position.

The concrete column of theupper pile section is preferably reinforced by a plurality of longitudinal bars 9A projecting from the top of the column and extending downwardly therethrough;

the lower ends of these bars being preferably bent inwardly and terminating in the plug portion 'I below the locking bolt 8. A wrapping'of wire 10 is preferably provided and is helcally wound about the longitudinal bars 8 to further reinforce the column structure. A 'plurality' of shorter longitudinal bars 11 are also preferabhf. provided for reinforcing the jacket portion 6 of the concrete pile section, and a wrapping of wire 12 is provided about these bars.

` The coupling sleeve -4y is driveably vfitted on the upper portion ofthe wooden pilesection 2, andis preferably locked in itspositin of final engage,- ment by'a plurality of spikes 13. The top of the woodenr section 2 is preferably spaced fromthe base of the socket formed by the'coupling sleeve 4, and this spacing is filled with a suitable cush- ,ioning material 14. This interposed layer is preferably of a material havinga plastic state, but whichwill set or harden into a rigid body. I have foundl that ordinary cementserves well for this purposefand is preferably employed.

` The coupling sleeve 4 ,preferably has an inside diameter less than the diameter of the wooden pile section 2,'and the method of driving the composite pileembodying my invention includes cutting an annular ringvl ladjacent the upper end of thefwo'oden pile section. This notch is cut to the diameter ofthe coupling sleeve 4 and is spaced below the to'p of the wooden pile so that it registers approximately with the lower edge of the sleeve when the latter is in its finally engaged position, as is clearly shown in FigurefZ'. I have found that it is convenientto rs't partially drive the wooden pile section, that is, drive the section until the point where the groove is to be out is just above the ground, and then ring the pile with a suitable tool, suchas an axe, to form the `-groove 16. It is understood however that the wooden sections may be ringed priorto their being driven. It is also understood that, instead of a groove, van annular incision may be provided.

After these operations the upper pile section 3 is aligned in position over the section 2 with the .sleeve 4 centered on. the top of the lower section.

Prior to bringing'the sleeve to rest on the lower section however, a shovel full of cement is placed on' top of the wooden pile to form the filling layer 14. The upper section is then driven to split off the woodportions 17 above the groove 16, the lower edge of the sleeve 4 serving as the cutting edge, and to force the sleeve 4 on to the wooden pile. By this method itis unnecessary to previously shape or frame the upper end of the wooden pile to fit the socket, yet it insures a secure and tight fit between the socket and.

the wooden section. This forms a composite pile whichis rigid alongits entire length and prevents ,lateral deflection 'or buckling at the joint` when the pile itself is being driven or when piles are being driven in the immediate vicinity. After lthe portions 17 have been splitV off, the spikes 13, .as'shown in Figure 1, arejdriven to lock the sleeve "in position to prevent the upper section 3 from 'being vertically displaced orpushed off the lower A bolt 8, passing section by the uplift of the ground caused when adjacent piles are being driven.

The plastic cement grout which is placed on top of the wooden pile section just prior to driv ing on the concrete section serves a plurality of purposes: First, the grout flows out to form a layer which conforms to irregularities in the surfaces ofthe adjacent pile sections and brings Vto full bearing the concrete section upon the wooden section. This is particularly'important ybecause Aof the difliculties experienced in getting workmen to cut the heads of the timber sections exactly true and perpendicular to the axis of the pile. Second, the plastic grout acts as a cushion andprotects the head of the timber pile from damage during the final driving of the pile to grade. This final driving of the last few feet to obtain the required bearing power in the pile is the most severe, and if the head end of the lower section is not protected, considerable damage to the wood fibre results. With thefme'talv sleeve acting as aringreinforcement and the grout as a cushion; the top bres'of the timber Apile section will withstand severe driving without damage. Third, the grout-'under the heavy blows `of the drivingkhammer is forced into andlls any voids or spaces that might lotherwise exist between the sleeve, wooden section and the concrete section, and when the cement Yof the 'grout sets l marient water level `when the pilef-is driven, so as v to excludeair from the sleeve and thus prevent oxidation or corrosion.

Figure 6 shows a variant form of Vconcrete section for the composite pile embodying my invention. This'construction is similar to that shown in'Figuresl and 2 but in this case the longitudinal reinforcing bars v18 which lextend through the column are positioned outside the sleeve 44 so that they project downwardly through the jacket portion 6 of the concrete section. A suitable wrapping 19 is helically wound'about the longitudinal bars to fur-ther reinforce the structure. The lower edges of the jacket portion 6 may be beveled, as at '21, to'aid in-splitting off the portions 17 of the wooden pile section. VFigure 7 shows 'another variant form of con crete section embodying my invention, and is similarto'the structure shown in Figures 1 and 2, except that the jacket portion 6is omitted Vand the plug portion '7 isconsiderably lengthened. I.

`Irus concrete column and a metallic sleeve cast in the column and providing a cutting edge at the flower endfthereof, a portion of thecolumn extending .into an end of the sleeve and another portion extending about the outside thereof, and reinforcing means in the column and projecting into both of said extending portions.

2. A section of a composite pile comprising a concrete column, and aV metallic sleeve cast in 'and projecting from 'the column and providing a cutting edge at the lower end thereof, a portion of the column extending into an end of the sleeve and another portion extending about the outside thereof, reinforcing means inthe column and Wprojecting into both of said-extending portions, and a securing pin passing transversely through means..

. 3. The methodof driving a. composite pile-hav# ing a. lower wooden section amd an upper section 'with a socket at the lower end thereof for engag-V ing the wooden section, the socket having an in- "side diameter less than the diameter of th'ewooden section and having a cutting .edge at the lower end thereof, Whichrcomprises p'artiallyiriving the wooden section, cutting an Vannular incision in the Wooden section to approximatelyl--fthe di- 1,929,2 ao .A the sleeve and column and past said reinforcing on the top yofthe wooden section, `aligningV the upper section over the wooden section so that the cuttingfedge of the socket rests on the top of the vlattersection, driving on the upper `section to Y e split off thecuter portions of the woodensecton above the incision end-to drive the "socketA onto the-`wooden section,` said difi'ving on the upper section operating to force thel plastic material into spaces and crevices between the socket' and the wooden section andforrna. cushioning layer therebetweento protect thejfwood iibers yatth'e top of the'lower section during the iinal driving, and then drivingy both sections.

I f M.'K ING. 

